PVC（Polyvinyl Chloride）is a versatile plastic, but it cannot be used directlywithout additives. Below is a clear, industry-standard list of the main additives used in PVC formulations, with simple explanations.

Main Additives Added to PVC

1. Heat Stabilizers (Most Essential)

Prevent PVC from decomposing and releasing HCl when heated during processing.

- Lead stabilizers

- Calcium-zinc (Ca-Zn) stabilizers (non-toxic, for food/medical)

- Organotin stabilizers (high transparency)

- Barium-cadmium stabilizers (less used now due to toxicity)

2. Plasticizers

Make PVC soft, flexible, and elastic.

- General type: DOP, DBP

- Environmental type: DOTP, DINP, DIDP

- Epoxy plasticizers: Epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO)

3. Impact Modifiers

Improve toughness and prevent cracking.

- MBS (high transparency)

- CPE (most widely used, low cost)

- ACR

- ABS, EVA, NBR

4. Processing Aids

Improve flow, melting, and surface finish.

- ACR processing aids (ACR‑201, ACR‑401)

5. Lubricants

Reduce friction between PVC and machinery, improve demolding.

- Internal lubricants: Stearic acid, glycerol monostearate

- External lubricants: PE wax, oxidized PE wax, paraffin wax

6. Fillers

Lower cost and improve rigidity / heat resistance.

- Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃)

- Talc

- Kaolin

- Wollastonite

7. Pigments & Colorants

For coloring: titanium dioxide (TiO₂), carbon black, organic pigments.

8. Other Functional Additives

- Flame retardants(antimony trioxide, chloroparaffins)

- UV stabilizers / light stabilizers (outdoor products)

- Blowing agents (for foamed PVC)

- Antioxidants

- Coupling agents (improve filler bonding)